Cross cutting

Cross cutting, also known as split screen, is a drama technique which has been borrowed from the world of film editing. This is where two scenes are inter cut to establish continuity. The technique is used to highlight or contrast a particular theme or aspect of the story. Using different groupings, both scenes could happen at the same time, or one could be frozen while the other comes alive. This can have a similar effect to spotlighting particular areas of the stage or using a split-screen in a film. This could be used in a chase scene for an action film. This techniques allows the audience to follow the action. 

Here is an example of cross cutting:

Editing rhythm

Editing rhythm is a technique used by editors to keep the pace of the film up to match the action that is going on in the film. Slow cuts edits has a calming, bordering feel to the edit, however fast cut edits have a lively, aggressive feel to the edit. This is done so the audience can feel the right emotion for the right scene, and so everything has a nice flow. 

Here is an example; 

Providing and withholding information

Providing and withholding information is a technique used to try to make the narrative more dramatic by giving the audience more information or taking away that information. An example of providing and withholding information would be the scene from the exorcist III. The audience know something is going to happen because of the clip lengths and cuts and you can automatically assume something bad is going to happen as soon as the police officers leave but the audience don't know what exactly is going to happen. 

Here is the Exorcist III scene 

Shot reverse shot

Shot reverse shot is usually used when two characters are having a conversation. Since the characters are shown facing in opposite directions, the viewer assumes that they are looking at each other. This shows the audience that the characters are having a conversation and it also allows them to see the facial expression of the character talking.

Here is an example: 

Point of view shot

A point of view shot, also known as POV shot, is a short film scene that shows what a character is looking at, its represented through the camera. It is normally shown by showing that the character is looking at something and then in the next shot showing what the character is actually looking at. 

A POV shot doesn't always need to be a direct shot which is just a shot of what the character is looking at it could be filmed as an over the shoulder shot.

Cutaways

A cutaway is a short that's usually something different to what the current action is. It could be a different subject, a close up of the subject (e.g. the subjects hands) or just about anything else.  This editing technique could also be used as a "buffer" between shots (to help the editing process), or to add interest/information.

Here is an example of a cutaway shot. 

Transitions

In film editing, transition basically is how one shot replaces the other.  Here are the few ways you can do that: 



Cut: Cuts are the most common and also basic type of transition. A cut is when one shot immediately replaces the other. Cuts are used so frequently that feature movies normally count thousands of them. 








Fade in/out: The second most common type of transition is the fade ins and fades outs. Fade outs happen when the picture is slowly replaced by a black screen or any other solid colour. Traditionally, fade outs have been used to conclude movies. Fade ins do the opposite job; they use a solid colour which slowly gives way to a picture. This is commonly used in the beginning of movies.







Dissolve: This transition is also known as overlapping, dissolves happen when one show gradually replaces by the next. One disappears as the following appears. for a few seconds they overlap, so both would be visible. This is normally used to signify the passage of time.








 Wipes: This transition happens when one shot pushes the other off frame.